Paid Leave Ordinance and Regulations
med-level alert: Cook County passes Paid Leave Ordinance, replaces Earned Sick Leave
low-level alert: Paid Leave Procedural Rules Approved - 3/14/2024
Cook County Paid Leave Ordinance
As of December 31, 2023, employees in Cook County can earn at least one (1) hour of paid leave for every forty (40) hours worked. This ordinance requires that all employers with employees in Cook County provide those employees with paid leave to be used for any reason.
This is the certified version of the Cook County Paid Leave Ordinance (No. 24-0583) passed by the Cook County Board of Commissioners on December 14, 2023:
This is a checklist to support employer compliance with the Cook County Paid Leave Ordinance:
Paid Leave Ordinance Employer Checklist
If you have questions about where you should file a complaint for violations of paid leave, please refer to the Paid Leave Jurisdictions Comparison Chart linked below. This chart provides an overview of the paid leave ordinances at the City of Chicago, Cook County, and State of Illinois, and is also available in the Downloads section.
Paid Leave Jurisdictions Comparison Chart
| City of Chicago – Paid Leave and Paid Sick and Safe Leave | Cook County – Paid Leave Ordinance | State of Illinois – Paid Leave for All Workers Act (PLAWA) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Effective Date | 12/31/23 *Delayed implementation until 7/1/24 | 12/31/23 *Enforcement begins 2/1/24 | 1/1/24 |
| Where does it apply? | Within the City of Chicago. | All municipalities within Cook County, except Chicago, unless a municipality has opted into IL Paid Leave for All Workers Act (PLAWA) or has an equivalent ordinance. | Entire State of Illinois. Some jurisdictions (i.e. Cook County, City of Chicago) may have their own laws. |
| Who does it apply to? | "Covered Employees" - means any employee who performs at least 80 hours of work for an Employer in a 120-day period while physically present within the geographic boundaries of the City of Chicago (this includes domestic workers and individuals that travel within the boundaries of the city of Chicago on compensated time). *Some exceptions apply. | "Employees” are covered by the Cook County Paid Leave Ordinance if: (1) you work for an employer in Cook County; and/or (2) your employer has a place of business in Cook County. This also includes Domestic Workers. *Some exceptions apply. | “Employees” - individuals who perform work in Illinois for an employer that does business in Illinois. *Some exceptions apply. |
| For what reasons can leave be used? | Paid Leave – for any reason. Paid Sick Leave – for illness, injury, family illness, victim of domestic violence, victim of sex offense or trafficking, business closed for public health emergency, family care, etc. | For any reason. | For any reason. |
| When can employees begin using leave? | Paid Leave – 7/1/24 OR 90 calendar days after starting employment, whichever is later. Paid Sick Leave – 7/1/24OR 30 calendar days after starting employment, whichever is later. *NOTE: Employers must comply with the City’s current Paid Sick Leave Ordinance until 7/1/24 | 90 days after starting employment, or 90 days after the Ordinance went into effect, whichever is later. | May begin using Paid Leave on either: (1) 90 days after 1/1/24; OR (2) 90 days after starting employment, whichever is later. |
| Accrual Rate | Paid Leave AND Paid Sick Leave – Minimum 1 hour for every 35 hours worked; Maximum of 40 hours for each/12-month period (unless employer sets higher limit). *NOTE: Employers may frontload leave at the beginning of the year rather than use accrual | 1 hour of Paid Leave for every 40 hours worked. *NOTE: Employers may frontload leave at the beginning of the year rather than use accrual. | 1 hour of Paid Leave for every 40 hours worked. *NOTE: Employers may frontload leave at the beginning of the year rather than use accrual. |
| Individual Right of Action Option? | Yes. Effective 12/31/23 for Paid Sick Leave, and 7/1/25 for Paid Leave (6-130-100). | Yes. | No. |
| Cure period? | Yes, temporary; Cure period is available from July 1, 2025, to June 30, 2026, then sunsets. | No. | NA. |
| Carryover of unused time allowed? | Paid Leave – Yes, may carry over up to 16 hours of unused Paid Leave (except where front-loaded/provided on a pro rata basis). Paid Sick Leave – Yes, may carry over up to 80 hours of unused Paid Sick Leave. | Yes. Employees may carry over up to 40 hours of unused Paid leave (except where front-loaded/provided on a pro rata basis). | Yes. Any unused Paid Leave can be carried over (except where front-loaded/provided on a pro rata basis). Employers are not required to allow use of more than 40 hours of Paid Leave in a 12- month period. |
| Payout of unused leave required upon termination or separation from employment? | Large employers (101+ employees) – Yes. Payout of FULL amount of unused leave required. *NOTE: never more than 7 days (5 accrued days plus 2 carryover days). Medium-sized employers (between 51 and 100 covered employees) Yes. However, must payout a maximum of 16 hours until 7/1/25, unless employer sets higher limit. *(After 7/1/25, Medium-sized employers must pay out full amount of unused, accrued leave.) *Same NOTE as above. Small employers (50 or less covered employees) NOT required to payout unused leave. | Payout of unused paid leave is required if the leave is credited to the employee’s paid time off bank or employee vacation account. *NOTE: Employers are not required to credit paid leave required under the Ordinance to a paid time off bank or vacation bank. | No, UNLESS Paid Leave was already credited to an employee’s paid time off bank or vacation account (front loaded). *See Illinois Wage Payment and Collection Act. |
| Penalties | Employer liable for damages for actual underpayment, compensatory damages and fines ranging from $1,000.00 to $3,000.00 per offense. Each day that a violation continues shall constitute a separate and distinct offense. | Employer liable to employee for damages for actual underpayment, compensatory damages, and fines ranging from $500 to $1,000. | Employer liable to employee for damages for actual underpayment, compensatory damages, fines ranging from $500 to $1,000, equitable relief, which may include attorney’s fees, expert witness fees, other costs |
| Filing period | Within 3 years of the alleged violation. (2-25- 200(8)(e)) If multiple or continuing violations, within 3 years of the date of the last occurrence. | Within 3 years of the alleged violation. If multiple or continuing violations, within 3 years of the date of the last occurrence | Within 3 years of the alleged violation. If multiple or continuing violations, within 3 years of the date of the last occurrence |
Rules and Regulations
As of March 14, 2024, the Commission adopted and the Board of Commissioners approved the interpretative and procedural rules for its enforcement of the Cook County Paid Leave Ordinance.
Cook County Paid Leave Ordinance Interpretative and Procedural Rules
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
This is a compilation of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) regarding the Cook County Paid Leave Ordinance. The Cook County Paid Leave Ordinance (PLO) No. 24-0583 was passed by the Cook County Board of Commissioners on December 14, 2023.
FAQs should not be considered a substitute for the appropriate official documents (i.e. statute and/or administrative rules). Individuals are urged to consult legal counsel with legal questions. The Commission cannot provide individuals with legal advice. These FAQs are non-binding, not to be considered complete, and do not relieve employers from complying with applicable laws and regulations.
These responses are not binding on the Commission in an enforcement action related to the Ordinance. To the extent that these responses conflict with the Ordinance or the Rules, the Ordinance and the Rules are more authoritative and will prevail.
The Paid Leave Ordinance went into effect on December 31, 2023. The Cook County Commission on Human Rights began enforcement of the Paid Leave Ordinance on February 1, 2024. Complaints based on the Paid Leave Ordinance may be filed with the Cook County Commission on Human Rights beginning February 1, 2024.
The Paid Leave Ordinance does not distinguish between part-time, full-time, or seasonal employees. Full-time and part-time employees are covered by the Paid Leave Ordinance. However, employees who work fewer hours may accrue less leave time compared to full-time employees.
If your company has an existing leave policy that provides the minimum amount of leave required by the Paid Leave Ordinance (1 hour for every 40 hours worked) in a 12-month period, or more than the minimum required, and your employees can use that amount of leave for any reason of their choosing, you do not need to modify the terms of your policy.
Staffing agency employers are required to meet the minimum requirements provided under the Paid Leave Ordinance. Staffing agency employers of day and temporary laborers are not exempted from the Paid Leave Ordinance.
The Paid Leave Ordinance requires employers to pay the value of unused paid leave if the leave is credited to the employee’s paid time off bank or employee vacation account. Payout of paid leave credited to an employee’s paid time off bank or employee vacation account is required within 15 days of the employee’s termination, resignation, retirement, or other separation. Employers should additionally consider their vacation payout obligations under the Illinois Wage Payment and Collection Act. For example, an employer provides 40 hours of sick leave and 40 hours of vacation time. In this example, any unused vacation time must be paid out. Unused sick leave would not be required to be paid out.
Yes, prior opt out of the Earned Sick Leave Ordinance does not apply to the Paid Leave Ordinance.
The Paid Leave Ordinance does not prohibit an employer from adopting an evenly applied paid leave policy to allow it to address operational issues and meet safety objectives. Employers of unionized employees can also address these concerns through collective bargaining.
Employers may adopt policies that establish some parameters for taking leave (e.g. notice requirement, etc.) and limited reasons the employer may deny leave for operational necessity. Any such policy must be communicated to employees, applied equally to all employees, and conform with other applicable state and federal laws. Section 500.400 (Reasons for Denial of Paid Leave Requests) of the Interpretative and Procedural Rules Governing the Cook County Paid Leave Ordinance provides further guidance on this question.
Employees shall determine how much paid leave they need to use. However, employers may set a reasonable minimum increment for the use of paid leave not to exceed 2 hours per day. If an employee's scheduled workday is less than 2 hours, the employee's scheduled workday shall be used to determine the amount of paid leave.
Yes, at the beginning of the year, an employer may frontload paid leave time by (1) making available the minimum number of hours of paid leave for a full year as required under the Paid Leave Ordinance or (2) a proportion of hours.
Paid leave shall begin to accrue at the start of employment or on December 31, 2023 (the effective date of the Paid Leave Ordinance), whichever is later. Employees shall be entitled to begin using paid leave 90 days after the start of their employment or 90 days after December 31, 2023 (the effective date of the Paid Leave Ordinance), whichever is later.
Employees who are exempt from the overtime requirements of the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (29 U.S.C. 213(a)(1)) shall be deemed to work 40 hours in each workweek for purposes of paid leave time accrual if they regularly work 40 or more hours in a workweek. If such employee’s regular workweek is less than 40 hours, their paid leave time accrues based on the number of hours in their regular workweek.
The Cook County Paid Leave Ordinance does not require employers to convert accrued sick leave into paid leave. However, an employer may choose to allow employees to carry over some or all unused accrued sick leave from 2023 into 2024. Employers who choose to keep sick leave and paid leave should be mindful of their obligations under the Paid Leave Ordinance and Illinois Wage Payment and Collection Act.
No, and employer may not seek compensation from employees for front-loaded time used.
The Paid Leave Ordinance requires employers to maintain records documenting hours worked, paid leave accrued and taken, and remaining paid leave balance for each employee for a period of not less than 3 years. The Paid Leave Ordinance does not otherwise require employers to use a particular record-keeping method.
Employees are allowed to carry over or roll over unused, accrued leave from one year to the next under this law. Employers may cap how much time an employee can roll over from year to year. A cap on how much unused time an employee may carry over shall not be less than 40 hours.
If tipped employees use paid leave, they should be compensated at the rate of Cook County’s current non-tipped minimum wage. Starting on January 1, 2024, that will be $14.00/hour.
Vacation, paid time off, and paid leave under the Ordinance may all be used by employees for any purpose. Employers may choose how to categorize paid leave required under the Ordinance as (1) paid time off (PTO), (2) vacation time, or (3) an alternative bank (for example, paid leave bank). Time credited to an employee’s paid time off bank or vacation bank is required to be paid out under this Ordinance. Employers are not required to pay for unused time that is not credited to a vacation bank or paid time off (PTO) bank.
FMLA entitles eligible employees of covered employers to take unpaid, job-protected leave for specified family and medical reasons with continuation of group health insurance coverage under the same terms and conditions as if the employee had not taken leave. Employees going on FMLA may use paid leave concurrently during their FMLA leave. More information regarding FMLA is available on this webpage: https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fmla.
An employee covered under the Paid Leave Ordinance is entitled to use paid leave before using unpaid leave under any employer policy or other state law.
On March 14, 2024, the Cook County Board of Commissioners approved the Interpretative and Procedural Rules Governing the Cook County Paid Leave Ordinance (“Paid Leave Rules”). They can be accessed here: Paid Leave Procedural Rules.
Yes, employers can use smaller, proportional accrual rates as long as the benefit equates to one (1) hour of paid leave for every forty (40) hours worked.
The City of Chicago has enacted their own ordinance, which includes sick leave and paid leave. The City of Chicago’s Office of Labor Standards, within Business Affairs and Consumer Protection, will enforce this ordinance so more information can be found here: https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/bacp/supp_info/office-of-labor-standards.
Illinois passed the Illinois Paid Leave for All Workers Act (PLAWA), effective January 1, 2024. Information on this law can be found here: https://labor.illinois.gov/faqs/paidleavefaq.
The staff of the Commission does not have the authority to give individual legal advice or render advisory opinions to individual employers. However, the staff appreciates these efforts on the part of conscientious employers. In an effort to facilitate broad compliance, the staff of the Commission will provide frequently asked questions in the Downloads section of this page.
- Awarding employees fewer hours of Paid Leave than they should receive based on the number of hours they worked for the Employer in Cook County.
- Preventing employees from using Paid Leave for a purpose permitted by the Ordinance.
- Under-compensating employees during paid leave taken pursuant to the Ordinance.
- Failing to notify employees of their rights under the Cook County Paid Leave Ordinance.
- Failing to post a notice advising of the right to Paid Leave under the Cook County Paid Leave Ordinance (in a conspicuous place at each facility where any Employee works that is located within the geographic boundaries of Cook County).
- Firing an employee who is considering filing a Paid Leave complaint or otherwise cooperating with a Commission investigation.
In situations where employees work different shifts and receive differential pay, the rate of pay for paid leave should be equivalent to their hourly or base pay. Employers are not required to pay the shift differential rate.
An employer may establish a policy that gives employees an option to have unused, accrued paid leave time paid out at the end of the 12-month period instead of carrying it over into the next 12-month period. However, any such policy must be in writing, note that it is optional, and employees must be allowed to choose whether to have the unused, accrued paid leave time paid out or carried over into the next 12-month period. If the employee agrees to payout, then the agreement must be in writing and signed by both the employer and employee.